Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Volume 83, Issue 2 , Pages 223-234 , February 2000

Biocompatibility of dental casting alloys: A review

References 

  1. In: 10th ed.  Craig RG editors. Restorative dental materials. St Louis: Mosby-Yearbook; 1997;p. 146-53–387-59
  2. Wataha JC, Craig RG, Hanks CT. The release of elements of dental casting alloys into cell-culture medium. J Dent Res. 1991;70:1014–1018
  3. Fontana MG. Corrosion engineering. In: 3rd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 1986;p. 165–200
  4. Brune D. Metal release from dental biomaterials. Biomaterials. 1986;7:163–175
  5. Reclaru L, Meyer JM. Study of corrosion between a titanium implant and dental alloys. J Dent. 1994;22:159–168
  6. Shigeto N, Yanagihara T, Murakami S, Hamada T. Corrosion properties of soldered joints. Part II: corrosion pattern of dental solder and dental nickel-chromium alloy. J Prosthet Dent. 1991;66:607–610
  7. Wataha JC, Lockwood PE, Vuillème MN, Zürcher M-H. Cytotoxicity of Au-based dental solders alone and on a substrate alloy. J Biomed Mater Res. 1999;48:786–790
  8. Wataha JC, Malcolm CT, Hanks CT. Correlation between cytotoxicity and the elements released by dental casting alloys. Int J Prosthodont. 1995;8:9–14
  9. Bumgardner JD, Lucas LC. Corrosion and cell culture evaluations of nickel-chromium dental casting alloys. J Appl Biomater. 1994;5:203–213
  10. Geis-Gerstorfer J, Sauer KH, Pässler K. Ion release from Ni-Cr-Mo and Co-Cr-Mo casting alloys. Int J Prosthodont. 1991;4:152–158
  11. In: Biocompatibility, allergies and corrosion resistance: practical lessons. Neuchatel, Switzerland: Metalor Corporation; 1996;p. 17–37
  12. Schmalz G, Langer H, Schweikl H. Cytotoxicity of dental alloy extracts and corresponding metal salt solutions. J Dent Res. 1998;77:1772–1778
  13. Wataha JC, Craig RG, Hanks CT. Element release and cytotoxicity of Pd-Cu binary alloys. Int J Prosthodont. 1995;8:228–232
  14. Wataha JC, Lockwood PE, Khajotia SS, Turner R. Effect of pH on element release from dental casting alloys. J Prosthet Dent. 1998;80:691–698
  15. Goyer RA. Toxic effects of metals. In: 3rd ed.  Klaassen CD,  Amdur MO,  Doull J editor. Cassarett and Doull’s toxicology. New York: Macmillan; 1986;p. 582–635
  16. Phielepeit T, Legrum W, Netter KJ, Klötzer WT. Different effects of intraperitoneally and orally administered palladium chloride on the hepatic monooxygenase system of male mice. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1989;13:357–362
  17. Wiester MJ. Cardiovascular actions of palladium compounds in the unanesthetized rat. Environ Health Perspect. 1975;12:41–44
  18. Black J. Systemic effects of biomaterials. Biomaterials. 1984;5:11–18
  19. Lee JM, Salvati EA, Betts F, DiCarlo EF, Doty SB, Bullough PG. Size of metallic and polyethylene debris particles in failed cemented total hip replacements. J Bone Joint Surg [Br]. 1992;74:380–384
  20. Moore W, Hysell D, Crocker W, Stara J. Biological fate of 103Pd in rats following different routes of exposure. Environ Res. 1974;8:234–240
  21. In:  Hodgson E,  Levi PE editor. Modern toxicology. New York: Elsevier; 1987;p. 123–131
  22. Hao SQ, Lemons JE. Histology of dog dental tissues with Cu-based crowns. J Dent Res. 1989;68SI:322; (abstract 1125)
  23. Stenberg T. Release of cobalt from cobalt chromium alloy constructions in the oral cavity of man. Scand J Dent Res. 1982;90:472–479
  24. Rechmann P. LAMMS and ICP-MS detection of dental metallic compounds in not-discolored human gingiva. J Dent Res. 1992;71SI:599; (abstract 672)
  25. Wataha JC, Lockwood PE. Release of elements from dental casting alloys into cell-culture medium over 10 months. Dent Mater. 1998;14:158–163
  26. Flint GN, Packirisamy S. Systemic nickel: the contribution made by stainless-steel cooking utensils. Contact Dermatitis. 1995;32:218–224
  27. Jacobs JJ, Skipor AK, Black J, Manion LM, Schavocky J, Paprosky WP, et al.  Serum titanium transport in patients following primary total hip replacement: a 2 year prospective study. Trans Soc Biomater. 1993;16:217
  28. Jacobs JJ, Skipor AK, Urban RM, Manion LM, Gilbert JL, Black J. Serum and urine metal content in patients with fretting corrosion of modular femoral THR components. Trans Soc Biomater. 1994;17:320
  29. Lugowski SJ, Smith DC, McHugh AD, Van Loon JC. Release of metal ions from dental implant materials in vivo: determination of Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, V, and Ti in organ tissue. J Biomed Mater Res. 1991;25:1443–1458
  30. Schmalz G, Arenholt-Bindslev D, Hiller KA, Schweikl H. Epithelium-fibroblast co-culture for assessing mucosal irritancy of metals used in dentistry. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105:85–91
  31. Wataha JC, Hanks CT, Craig RG. The in vitro effects of metal cations on eukaryotic cell metabolism. J Biomed Mater Res. 1991;25:1133–1149
  32. Schmalz G. The biocompatibility of non-amalgam filling materials. Eur J Oral Sci. 1998;106(2 Pt 2):696–706
  33. Schmalz G, Arenholt-Bindslev D, Pfüller S, Schweikl H. Cytotoxicity of metal cations used in dental cast alloys. ATLA. 1997;25:323–330
  34. Wataha JC, Hanks CT, Craig RG. In vitro synergistic, antagonistic, and duration of exposure effects of metal cations on eukaryotic cells. J Biomed Mater Res. 1992;26:1297–1309
  35. Wataha JC, Craig RG, Hanks CT. Precision of and new methods for testing in vitro alloy toxicity. Dent Mater. 1992;8:65–70
  36. Bader J, Rozier RG, McFall WT. The effect of crown receipt on measures of gingival status. J Dent Res. 1991;70:1386–1389
  37. Lamster IB, Kalfus DI, Steigerwald PJ, Chasens AI. Rapid loss of alveolar bone associated with nonprecious alloy crowns in two patients with nickel hypersensitivity. J Periodontol. 1987;58:486–492
  38. Setz J, Diehl J. Gingival reaction on crowns with cast and sintered metal margins: a progressive report. J Prosthet Dent. 1994;71:442–446
  39. van Loon LA, Elsas PW, Bos JD, ten Harkel-Hagenaar HC, Krieg SR, Davidson CL. T-lymphocyte and Langerhans cell distribution in normal and allergically induced oral mucosa in contact with nickel-containing dental alloys. J Oral Pathol. 1988;17:129–137
  40. Todd DJ, Burrows D. Patch testing with pure palladium metal in patients with sensitivity to palladium chloride. Contact Dermatitis. 1992;26:327–331
  41. Roitt IM, Brostoff J, Male DK. In: Immunology. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1989;p. 22.1–229
  42. Szepietowski JC, McKenzie RC, Keohane SG, Aldridge RD, Hunter JA. Atopic and non-atopic individuals react to nickel challenge in a similar way. A study of the cytokine profile in nickel-induced contact dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 1997;137:195–200
  43. Silvennoinen-Kasinen S, Ikuaheimo I, Tuiilidainen A. TAP1 and TAP2 genes in nickel allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997;114:94–96
  44. Basketter D, Dooms-Goossens A, Karlberg AT, Lepoittevin JP. The chemistry of contact allergy: why is a molecule allergenic?. Contact Dermatitis. 1995;32:65–73
  45. Vreeburg KJ, de Groot K, von Blomberg M, Scheper RJ. Induction of immunological tolerance by oral administration of nickel and chromium. J Dent Res. 1984;63:124–128
  46. Vreeburg KJ, van Hoogstraten IM, von Blomberg BM, de Groot K, Scheper RJ. Oral induction of immunological tolerance to chromium in the guinea pig. J Dent Res. 1990;69:1634–1639
  47. Hasséus B, Jontell M, Bergenholtz G, Eklund C, Dahlgren UI. Langerhans cells from oral epithelium are more effective in stimulating allogenic t-cells in vitro than Langerhans cells from skin epithelium. J Dent Res. 1999;78:751–758
  48. Goebeler M, Meinardus-Hager G, Roth J, Goerdt S, Sorg C. Nickel chloride and cobalt chloride, two common contact sensitizers, directly induce expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) by endothelial cells. J Invest Dermatol. 1993;100:759–765
  49. Wataha JC, Ratanasathien S, Hanks CT, Sun Z. In vitro IL-1beta and TNF-alpha release from THP-1 monocytes in response to metal ions. Dent Mater. 1996;12:322–327
  50. Schmalz G, Schuster U, Schweikl H. Influence of metals on IL-6 release in vitro. Biomaterials. 1998;19:1689–1694
  51. Schmalz G. Concepts in biocompatibility testing of dental restorative materials. Clin Oral Investig. 1997;1:154–162
  52. Axell T, Spiechowicz E, Glantz PO, Andersson G, Larsson A. A new method for intraoral patch testing. Contact Dermatitis. 1986;15:58–62
  53. Murdoch RD, Pepys J. Platinum group metal sensitivity: reactivity to platinum group metal salts in platinum halide salt-sensitive workers. Ann Allergy. 1987;59:464–469
  54. Hensten-Pettersen A. Casting alloys: side effects. Adv Dent Res. 1992;6:38–43
  55. Örtengren U, Andreasson H, Karlsson S, Meding B, Barregard L. Self-reported skin symptoms and association to dental materials among Swedish dentists. J Dent Res. 1998;77SI:823; (abstract 1533)
  56. Gjerdet NR, Askevold E. National reporting of adverse reactions to dental materials. The Norwegian registry. J Dent Res. 1998;77SI:823; (abstract 1532)
  57. Namikoshi T, Yoshimatsu T, Suga K, Fujii H, Yasuda K. The prevalence of sensitivity to constituents of dental alloys. J Oral Rehabil. 1990;17:377–381
  58. In:  Sunderman FW editors. Nickel in the human environment. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); 1984;p. 3–485 Publication 53
  59. Aberer W, Holub H, Strohal R, Slavicek R. Palladium in dental alloys—the dermatologists’ responsibility to warn?. Contact Dermatitis. 1993;28:163–165
  60. Wahlberg JE, Boman AS. Cross-reactivity to palladium and nickel studied in the guinea pig. Acta Derm Venereol. 1992;72:95–97
  61. Wataha JC, Hanks CT. Biological effects of palladium and risk of using palladium in dental casting alloys. J Oral Rehabilitation. 1996;23:309–320
  62. In: Biocompatibility, allergies and corrosion resistance: practical lessons. Neuchatel, Switzerland: Metalor Corp; 1996;p. 39–47
  63. Oller AR, Costa M, Oberdörster G. Carcinogenicity assessment of selected nickel compounds. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997;143:152–166
  64. Abbrachio MP, Simmons-Hansen J, Costa M. Cytoplasmic dissolution of phagocytized crystalline nickel sulfide particles: a prerequisite for nuclear uptake of nickel. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1982;9:663–676
  65. BéruBé KA, Jones TP, Williamson BJ. Electron microscopy of urban airborne particulate matter. USA Microsc Analysis. 1997;Sept;11–12
  66. Schweikl H, Schmalz G. Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of root canal sealers using the salmonella-microsome assay. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 1991;2:181–185
  67. Tennant RW, Margolin BH, Shelby MD, Zeiger E, Haseman JK, Spalding JE, et al.  Prediction of chemical carcinogenicity in rodents from in vitro genetic toxicity assays. Science. 1987;236:933–941
  68. Merritt K, Brown SA. Release of hexavalent chromium from corrosion of stainless steel and cobalt-chromium alloys. J Biomed Mater Res. 1995;29:627–633
  69. Arrouijal FZ, Hildebrand HF, Vophi H, Marzin D. Genotoxic activity of nickel subsulfide-alpha Ni3S2. Mutagenesis. 1990;5:583–589
  70. Hayes RB. The carcinogenicity of metals in humans. Cancer Causes Control. 1997;8:371–385
  71. Costa M. Molecular mechanisms of nickel carcinogenesis. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1991;31:321–337

 Reprint requests to: DR JOHN C. WATAHA, DEPARTMENT OF ORAL REHABILITATION, MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY, AUGUSTA, GA 30912-1260, FAX: (706) 721-8349, E-MAIL: watahaj@mail.mcg.edu

☆☆ 0022-3913/2000/$12.00 + 0. 10/1/104278

PII: S0022-3913(00)70115-6

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Volume 83, Issue 2 , Pages 223-234 , February 2000