Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Volume 90, Issue 2 , Pages 121-132 , August 2003

Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses

Presented at the Greater New York Academy of Prosthodontics annual meeting in New York, NY on December 1, 2000. Presented at the Academy of Prosthodontics meeting in Santa Fe, NM on May 21, 2001. Presented at the Annual Session of the American College of Prosthodontists, Orlando, Fla., November 7, 2002.

  • Charles J Goodacre, DDS, MSD

      Affiliations

    • Professor and Dean, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, Calif., USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to: Dr Charles J. Goodacre, Loma Linda University, School of Dentistry, Office of the Dean, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA, Fax: 909-558-0483
    • ,
  • Guillermo Bernal, DDS, MSD

      Affiliations

    • Associate Professor and Director, Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, Calif., USA
    • ,
  • Kitichai Rungcharassaeng, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, Calif., USA
    • ,
  • Joseph Y.K Kan, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, Calif., USA

References 

  1. Goodacre CJ, Bernal DG, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JYK. Clinical complications in fixed prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent
  2. Johns RB, Jemt T, Heath MR, Hutton JE, McKenna S, McNamara DC, et al.  A multicenter study of overdentures supported by Branemark implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1992;7:513–522
  3. van Steenberghe D, Lekholm U, Bolender C, Folmer T, Henry P, Herrmann I, et al.  Applicability of osseointegrated oral implants in the rehabilitation of partial edentulism (a prospective multicenter study on 558 fixtures). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990;5:272–281
  4. Jemt T, Laney WR, Harris D, Henry PJ, Krogh PH, Polizzi G, et al.  Osseointegrated implants for single tooth replacement (a 1-year report from a multicenter prospective study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6:29–36
  5. Wismeyer D, van Waas MA, Vermeeren JI. Overdentures supported by ITI implants (a 6.5-year evaluation of patient satisfaction and prosthetic aftercare). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:744–749
  6. Henry PJ, Tolman DE, Bolender C. The applicability of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of partially edentulous patients (three-year results of a prospective multicenter study). Quintessence Int. 1993;24:123–129
  7. Lekholm U, van Steenberghe D, Herrmann I, Bolender C, Folmer T, Gunne J, et al.  Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of partially edentulous jaws (a prospective 5-year multicenter study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994;9:627–635
  8. Astrand P, Borg K, Gunne J, Olsson M. Combination of natural teeth and osseointegrated implants as prosthesis abutments (a 2-year longitudinal study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6:305–312
  9. Higuchi KW, Folmer T, Kultje C. Implant survival rates in partially edentulous patients (a 3-year prospective multicenter study). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995;53:264–268
  10. Avivi-Arber L, Zarb GA. Clinical effectiveness of implant-supported single-tooth replacement (the Toronto Study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996;11:311–321
  11. Albrektsson T. A multicenter report on osseointegrated oral implants. J Prosthet Dent. 1988;60:75–84
  12. Ellies LG, Hawker PB. The prevalence of altered sensation associated with implant surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:674–679
  13. Lazzara K, Siddiqui AA, Binon P, Feldman SA, Weiner R, Phillips R, et al.  Retrospective multicenter analysis of 3i endosseous dental implants placed over a five-year period. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1996;7:73–83
  14. Allen PF, McMillan AS, Smith DC. Complications and maintenance requirements of implant-supported prostheses provided in a UK dental hospital. Br Dent J. 1997;182:298–302
  15. Walton JN. Altered sensation associated with implants in the anterior mandible (a prospective study). J Prosthet Dent. 2000;83:443–449
  16. Jemt T, Lekholm U, Adell R. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of partially edentulous patients (a preliminary study on 876 consecutively placed fixtures). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1989;4:211–217
  17. Jemt T, Pettersson P. A 3-year follow-up study on single implant treatment. J Dent. 1993;21:203–208
  18. Rubenstein JE, Taylor TD. Apical nerve transection resulting from implant placement (a 10-year follow-up report). J Prosthet Dent. 1997;78:537–541
  19. Kim SG. Implant-related damage to an adjacent tooth (a case report). Implant Dent. 2000;9:278–280
  20. Margelos JT, Verdelis KG. Irreversible pulpal damage of teeth adjacent to recently placed osseointegrated implants. J Endod. 1995;21:479–482
  21. Rothman SL, Schwarz MS, Chafetz NI. High-resolution computerized tomography and nuclear bone scanning in the diagnosis of postoperative stress fractures of the mandible (a clinical report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:765–768
  22. Mason ME, Triplett RC, van Sickels JE, Parel SM. Mandibular fractures through endosseous cylinder implants (report of cases and review). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;48:311–317
  23. Tolman DE, Keller EE. Management of mandibular fractures in patients with endosseous implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6:427–436
  24. Shonberg DC, Stith HD, Jameson LM, Chai JY. Mandibular fracture through an endosseous implant. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1992;7:40–44
  25. Neyt L, De Clercq C, Abeloos J, Mommaerts M. Mandibular fractures following insertion of denial implants. Acta Stomatol Belg. 1993;90:251–258 Dutch
  26. Kan JY, Lozada JL, Boyne PJ, Goodacre CJ, Rungcharassaeng K. Mandibular fracture after endosseous implant placement in conjunction with inferior alveolar nerve transposition (a patient treatment report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:655–659
  27. Raghoebar GM, Stellingsma K, Batenburg RH, Vissink A. Etiology and management of mandibular fractures associated with endosteal implants in the atrophic mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:553–559
  28. Laboda G. Life-threatening hemorrhage after placement of an endosseous implant (report of case). J Am Dent Assoc. 1990;121:599–600
  29. Mason ME, Triplett RG, Alfonso WF. Life-threatening hemorrhage from placement of a dental implant. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;48:201–244
  30. ten Bruggenkate CM, Krekeler G, Kraaijenhagen HA, Foitzik C, Oosterbeek HS. Hemorrhage of the floor of the mouth resulting from lingual perforation during implant placement (a clinical report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:329–334
  31. Mordenfeld A, Andersson L, Bergstrom B. Hemorrhage in the floor of the mouth during implant placement in the edentulous mandible (a case report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:558–561
  32. Givol N, Chaushu G, Halamish-Shani T, Taicher S. Emergency tracheostomy following life-threatening hemorrhage in the floor of the mouth during immediate implant placement in the mandibular canine region. J Periodontol. 2000;71:1893–1895
  33. Dwyer MS. Re (Near fatal venous nitrogen/air embolism occurrence while inserting cylindrical endosseous oral implants). J Periodontol. 1992;63:63
  34. Theisen FC, Shultz RE, Elledge DA. Displacement of a root form implant into the mandibular canal. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990;70:24–28
  35. Bergermann M, Donald PJ, Wengen DF. Screwdriver aspiration. A complication of dental implant placement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1992;21:339–341
  36. Li KK, Varvares MA, Meara JG. Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (a complication of dental implant surgery). Head Neck. 1996;18:192–196
  37. Krepler K, Wedrich A, Schranz R. Intraocular hemorrhage associated with dental implant surgery. Am J Ophthal. 1996;122:745–746
  38. Strull GE, Dym H. Singultus (a distressing postsurgical complication). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995;53:711–713
  39. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Branemark PI. A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg. 1981;10:387–416
  40. Cox JF, Zarb GA. The longitudinal clinical efficacy of osseointegrated dental implants (a 3-year report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1987;2:91–100
  41. Albrektsson T, Dahl F, Enbom L, Engevall S, Engquist B, Eriksson AR, et al.  Osseointegrated oral implants. A Swedish multicenter study of 8139 consecutively inserted Nobelpharma implants. J Periodontol. 1988;59:287–296
  42. Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants (the Toronto study. Part I: Surgical results). J Prosthet Dent. 1990;63:451–457
  43. Jemt T. Failures and complications in 391 consecutively inserted fixed prostheses supported by Branemark implants in edentulous jaws (a study of treatment from the time of prosthesis placement to the first annual checkup). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6:270–276
  44. Naert I, Quirynen M, van Steenberghe D, Darius P. A study of 589 consecutive implants supporting complete fixed prostheses. Part II (Prosthetic aspects). J Prosthet Dent. 1992;68:949–956
  45. Jemt T. Fixed implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous maxilla. A five-year follow-up report. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994;5:142–147
  46. Branemark PI, Svensson B, van Steenberghe D. Ten-year survival rates of fixed prostheses on four or six implants ad modum Branemark in full edentulism. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1995;6:227–231
  47. Astrand P, Anzen B, Karlsson U, Sahlholm S, Svardstrom P, Hellem S. Nonsubmerged implants in the treatment of the edentulous upper jaw (a prospective clinical and radiographic study of ITI implants—results after 1 year). Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2000;2:166–174
  48. Hemmings KW, Schmitt A, Zarb GA. Complications and maintenance requirements for fixed prostheses and overdentures in the edentulous mandible (a 5-year report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994;9:191–196
  49. Makkonen TA, Holmberg S, Niemi L, Olsson C, Tammisalo T, Peltola J. A 5-year prospective clinical study of Astra Tech dental implants supporting fixed bridges or overdentures in the edentulous mandible. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997;8:469–475
  50. Arvidson K, Bystedt H, Frykholm A, von Konow L, Lothigius E. Five-year prospective follow-up report of the Astra Tech Dental Implant System in the treatment of edentulous mandibles. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998;9:225–234
  51. Branemark PI, Engstrand P, Ohrnell LO, Grondahl K, Nilsson P, Hagberg K, et al.  Branemark Novum (a new treatment concept for rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible. Preliminary results from a prospective clinical follow-up study). Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 1999;1:2–16
  52. Randow K, Ericsson I, Nilner K, Petersson A, Glantz PO. Immediate functional loading of Branemark dental implants. An 18-month clinical follow-up study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1999;10:8–15
  53. Colomina LE. Immediate loading of implant-fixed mandibular prostheses (a prospective 18-month follow-up clinical study–preliminary report). Implant Dent. 2001;10:23–29
  54. Engquist B, Bergendal T, Kallus T, Linden U. A retrospective multicenter evaluation of osseointegrated implants supporting overdentures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1988;3:129–134
  55. Naert I, Quirynen M, Theuniers G, van Steenberghe D. Prosthetic aspects of osseointegrated fixtures supporting overdentures. A 4-year report. J Prosthet Dent. 1991;65:671–680
  56. Jemt T, Book K, Linden ??, Urde G. Failures and complications in 92 consecutively inserted overdentures supported by Branemark implants in severely resorbed edentulous maxillae (a study from prosthetic treatment to first annual check-up). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1992;7:162–167
  57. Smedberg JI, Lothigius F, Bodin I, Frykholm A, Nilner K. A clinical and radiological two-year follow-up study of maxillary overdentures on osseointegrated implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1993;4:39–46
  58. Cune MS, de Putter C, Hoogstraten J. Treatment outcome with implant-retained overdentures. Part I (Clinical findings and predictability of clinical treatment outcome). J Prosthet Dent. 1994;72:144–151
  59. Hutton JE, Heath MR, Chai JY, Harnett J, Jemt T, John RB, et al.  Factors related to success and failure rates at 3-year follow-up in a multicenter study of overdentures supported by Branemark implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:33–42
  60. Naert I, De Clercq M, Theuniers G, Schepers F. Overdentures supported by osseointegrated fixtures for the edentulous mandible (a 2.5-year report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1988;3:191–196
  61. Mericske-Stern R. Clinical evaluation of overdenture restorations supported by osseointegrated titanium implants (a retrospective study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990;5:375–383
  62. Leimola-Virtanen R, Peltola J, Oksala F, Helenius H, Happonen RP. ITI titanium plasma-sprayed screw implants in the treatment of edentulous mandibles (a follow-up study of 39 patients). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:373–378
  63. Versteegh PA, van Beek GJ, Slagter AP, Ottervanger JP. Clinical evaluation of mandibular overdentures supported by multiple-bar fabrication (a follow-up study of two implant systems). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:595–603
  64. Buchs AU, Hahn J, Vassos DM. Efficacy of threaded hydroxyapatite-coated implants in the anterior mandible supporting overdentures. Implant Dent. 1996;5:188–192
  65. Naert I, Gizani S, Vuylsteke M, van Steenberghe D. A 5-year randomized clinical trial on the influence of splinted and unsplinted oral implants in the mandibular overdenture therapy. Part I (Peri-implant outcome). Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998;9:170–177
  66. Deporter D, Watson P, Pharoah M, Levy D, Todescan R. Five- to six-year results of a prospective clinical trial using the ENDOPORE dental implant and a mandibular overdenture. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1999;10:95–102
  67. Wismeijer D, van Waas MA, Mulder J, Vermeeren JI, Kalk W. Clinical and radiological results of patients treated with three treatment modalities for overdentures on implants of the ITI Dental Implant System. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1999;10:297–306
  68. Cooper LF, Scurria MS, Lang LA, Guckes AD, Moriarty JD, Felton DA. Treatment of edentulism using Astra Tech implants and ball abutments to retain mandibular overdentures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:646–653
  69. Gotfredsen K, Holm B. Implant-supported mandibular overdentures retained with ball or bar attachments (a randomized prospective 5-year study). Int J Prosthodont. 2000;13:125–130
  70. Meijer HJ, Raghoebar GM, Van’t Hof MA, Visser A, Geertman ME, Van Oort RP. A controlled clinical trial of implant-retained mandibular overdentures; five-years’ results of clinical aspects and aftercare of IMZ implants and Branemark implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:441–447
  71. Olson JW, Shernoff AF, Tarlow JL, Colwell JA, Scheetz JP, Bingham SF. Dental endosseous implant assessments in a type 2 diabetic population (a prospective study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000;15:811–818
  72. Gatti C, Haefliger W, Chiapasco M. Implant-retained mandibular overdentures with immediate loading (a prospective study of ITI implants). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000;15:383–388
  73. Roynesdal AK, Amundrud B, Hannaes HR. A comparative clinical investigation of 2 early loaded ITI dental implants supporting an overdenture in the mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:246–251
  74. van Steenberghe D. A retrospective multicenter evaluation of the survival rate of osseointegrated fixtures supporting fixed partial prostheses in the treatment of partial edentulism. J Prosthet Dent. 1989;61:217–223
  75. Pylant T, Triplett RC, Key MC, Brunsvold MA. A retrospective evaluation of endosseous titanium implants in the partially edentulous patient. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1992;7:195–202
  76. Naert I, Quirynen M, van Steenberghe D, Darius P. A six-year prosthodontic study of 509 consecutively inserted implants for the treatment of partial edentulism. J Prosthet Dent. 1992;67:236–245
  77. Bahat O. Treatment planning and placement of implants in the posterior maxillae (report of 732 consecutive Nobelpharma implants). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:151–161
  78. Jemt T, Lekholm U. Oral implant treatment in posterior partially edentulous jaws (a 5-year follow-up report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:635–640
  79. Nevins M, Langer B. The successful application of osseointegrated implants to the posterior jaw (a long-term retrospective study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:428–432
  80. Tolman DE, Laney WR. Tissue-integrated dental prosthesis (the first 78 months of experience at the Mayo Clinic). Mayo Clin Proc. 1993;68:323–331
  81. Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants in anterior partially edentulous patients. Int J Prosthodont. 1993;6:180–188
  82. Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants in posterior partially edentulous patients. Int J Prosthodont. 1993;6:189–196
  83. Lekholm U, Gunne J, Henry P, Higuchi K, Linden U, Bergstrom C, et al. Survival of the Branemark implant in partially edentulous jaws (a 10-year prospective multicenter study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:639–645
  84. Gotfredsen K, Karlsson U. A prospective 5-year study of fixed partial prostheses supported by implants with machined and TiO2-blasted surface. J Prosthodont. 2001;10:2–7
  85. Deporter DA, Todescan R, Watson PA, Pharoah M, Pilliar RM, Tomlinson G. A prospective human clinical trial of Endopore dental implants in restoring the partially edentulous maxilla using fixed prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:527–536
  86. Gunne J, Astrand P, Ahlen K, Borg K, Olsson M. Implants in partially edentulous patients. Clin Oral Implant Res. 1992;3:49–56
  87. Buchs AU, Hahn J, Vassos DM. Efficacy of threaded hydroxyapatite-coated implants placed in the posterior mandible in support of fixed prostheses. Implant Dent. 1996;5:106–110
  88. Babbush CA, Shimura M. Five-year statistical and clinical observations with the IMZ two-stage osseointegrated implant system. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:245–253
  89. Fugazzotto PA, Gulbransen HJ, Wheeler SL, Lindsay JA. The use of IMZ osseointegrated implants in partially and completely edentulous patients (success and failure rates of 2023 implant cylinders up to 60+ months in function). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:617–621
  90. Schmitt A, Zarb GA. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants for single-tooth replacement. Int J Prosthodont. 1993;6:197–202
  91. Ekfeldt A, Carlsson GF, Borjesson G. Clinical evaluation of single-tooth restorations supported by osseointegrated implants (a retrospective study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994;9:179–183
  92. Laney WR, Jemt T, Harris D, Henry PJ, Krogh PH, Polizzi G, et al.  Osseointegrated implants for single-tooth replacement (progress report from a multicenter prospective study after 3 years). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994;9:49–54
  93. Cordioli G, Castagna S, Consolati F. Single-tooth implant rehabilitation (a retrospective study of 67 implants). Int J Prosthodont. 1994;7:525–531
  94. Andersson B, Odman P, Lindvall AM, Lithner B. Single-tooth restorations supported by osseointegrated implants (results and experiences from a prospective study after 2 to 3 years). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:702–711
  95. Haas R, Mensdorff-Pouilly N, Mailath G, Watzek G. Branemark single tooth implants (a preliminary report of 76 implants). J Prosthet Dent. 1995;73:274–279
  96. Becker W, Becker BE. Replacement of maxillary and mandibular molars with single endosseous implant restorations (a retrospective study). J Prosthet Dent. 1995;74:51–55
  97. Kemppainen P, Eskola S, Ylipaavalniemi P. A comparative prospective clinical study of two single-tooth implants (a preliminary report of 102 implants). J Prosthet Dent. 1997;77:382–387
  98. Wannfors K, Smedberg JI. A prospective clinical evaluation of different single-tooth restoration designs on osseointegrated implants. A 3-year follow-up of Branemark implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1999;10:453–458
  99. Watson CJ, Tinsley D, Ogden AR, Russell JL, Mulay S, Davison EM. A 3 to 4 year study of single tooth hydroxylapatite coated endosseous dental implants. Br Dent J. 1999;187:90–94
  100. Levine RA, Clem DS, Wilson TG, Higginbottom F, Solnit G. Multicenter retrospective analysis of the ITI implant system used for single-tooth replacements (results of loading for 2 or more years). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:516–520
  101. Polizzi G, Rangert B, Lekholm U, Gualini F, Lindstrom H. Branemark System Wide Platform implants for single molar replacement (clinical evaluation of prospective and retrospective materials). Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2000;2:61–69
  102. Chaushu G, Chaushu S, Tzohar A, Dayan D. Immediate loading of single-tooth implants (immediate versus non-immediate implantation. A clinical report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:267–272
  103. Cooper L, Felton DA, Kugelberg CF, Ellner S, Chaffee N, Molina AL, et al.  A multicenter 12-month evaluation of single-tooth implants restored 3 weeks after 1-stage surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:182–192
  104. Jemt T. Implant treatment in resorbed edentulous upper jaws. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1993;4:187–194
  105. Johansson G, Palmqvist S. Complications, supplementary treatment, and maintenance in edentulous arches with implant-supported fixed prostheses. Int J Prosthodont. 1990;3:89–92
  106. Jemt T, Linden B, Lekholm U. Failure and complications in 127 consecutively placed fixed partial prostheses supported by Branemark implants (from prosthetic treatment to first annual checkup). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1992;7:40–44
  107. Widmark G, Andersson B, Carlsson GE, Lindvall AM, Ivanoff CJ. Rehabilitation of patients with severely resorbed maxillae by means of implants with or without bone grafts (a 3- to 5-year follow-up clinical report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:73–79
  108. Gunne J, Jemt T, Linden B. Implant treatment in partially edentulous patients (a report on prostheses after 3 years). Int J Prosthodont. 1994;7:143–148
  109. Friberg B, Grondahl K, Lekholm U, Branemark PI. Long-term follow-up of severely atrophic edentulous mandibles reconstructed with short Branemark implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2000;2:184–189
  110. Jemt T, Lekholm U. Implant treatment in edentulous maxillae (a 5-year follow-up report on patients with different degrees of jaw resorption). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:303–311
  111. Triplett RG, Mason ME, Alfonso WF, McAnear JT. Endosseous cylinder implants in severely atrophic mandibles. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6:264–269
  112. Palmer RM, Palmer PJ, Smith BJ. A 5-year prospective study of Astra single tooth implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:179–182
  113. Block MS, Gardiner D, Kent JN, Misiek DJ, Finger IM, Guerra L. Hydroxyapatite-coated cylindrical implants in the posterior mandible (10-year observations). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996;11:626–633
  114. ten Bruggenkate CM, Asikainen P, Foitzik C, Krekeler G, Sutter F. Short (6-mm) nonsubmerged dental implants (results of a multicenter clinical trial of 1 to 7 years). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:791–798
  115. Deporter DA, Todescan R, Watson PA, Pharoah M, Pilliar RM, Tomlinson G. A prospective human clinical trial of Endopore dental implants in restoring the partially edentulous maxilla using fixed prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:527–536
  116. Testori T, Wiseman L, Woolfe S, Porter SS. A prospective multicenter clinical study of the Osseotite implant (four-year interim report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:193–200
  117. Saadoun AP, Le Gall MG. An 8-year compilation of clinical results obtained with Steri-Oss endosseous implants. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1996;17:669–674

    676 passim; quiz 688

  118. Jaffin RA, Berman CL. The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone (a 5-year analysis). J Periodontol. 1991;62:2–4
  119. Bain CA, Moy PK. The association between the failure of dental implants and cigarette smoking. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:609–615
  120. Gorman LM, Lambert PM, Morris HF, Ochi S, Winkler S. The effect of smoking on implant survival at second-stage surgery (DICRG Interim Report No. 5. Dental Implant Clinical Research Group). Implant Dent. 1994;3:165–168
  121. De Bruyn H, Collaert B. The effect of smoking on early implant failure. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994;5:260–264
  122. Minsk L, Polson AM, Weisgold A, Rose LF, Sanavi F, Baumgarten H, et al. Outcome failures of endosseous implants from a clinical training center. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1996;17:848–850

    852-4, 856 passim

  123. Jensen OT, Shulman LB, Block MS, Iacono VJ. Report of the Sinus Consensus Conference of 1996. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13(Suppl):11–45
  124. Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Lozada JL, Goodacre CJ. Effects of smoking on implant success in grafted maxillary sinuses. J Prosthet Dent. 1999;82:307–311
  125. Jones JD, Lupori J, Van Sickels JE, Gardner W. A 5-year comparison of hydroxyapatite-coated titanium plasma-sprayed and titanium plasma-sprayed cylinder dental implants. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87:649–652
  126. Wallace RH. The relationship between cigarette smoking and dental implant failure. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2000;8:103–106
  127. Taylor TD, Worthington P. Osseointegrated implant rehabilitation of the previously irradiated mandible (results of a limited trial at 3 to 7 years). J Prosthet Dent. 1993;69:60–69
  128. Franzen L, Rosenquist JB, Rosenquist KI, Gustafsson I. Oral implant rehabilitation of patients with oral malignancies treated with radiotherapy and surgery without adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:183–187
  129. Watzinger F, Ewers R, Henninger A, Sudasch G, Babka A, Woelfl G. Endosteal implants in the irradiated lower jaw. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1996;24:237–244
  130. Ali A, Patton DW, el-Sharkawi AM, Davies J. Implant rehabilitation of irradiated jaws (a preliminary report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:523–526
  131. Esser E, Wagner W. Dental implants following radical oral cancer surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:552–557
  132. Jisander S, Grenthe B, Alberius P. Dental implant survival in the irradiated jaw (a preliminary report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:643–648
  133. Keller EE, Tolman DE, Zuck SL, Eckert SE. Mandibular endosseous implants and autogenous bone grafting in irradiated tissue (a 10-year retrospective study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:800–813
  134. Niimi A, Ueda M, Keller EE, Worthington P. Experience with osseointegrated implants placed in irradiated tissues in Japan and the United States. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:407–411
  135. Ihara K, Goto M, Miyahara A, Toyota J, Katsuki T. Multicenter experience with maxillary prostheses supported by Branemark implants (a clinical report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:531–538
  136. Wagner W, Esser E, Ostkamp K. Osseointegration of dental implants in patients with and without radiotherapy. Acta Oncol. 1998;37:693–696
  137. Weischer T, Mohr C. Ten-year experience in oral implant rehabilitation of cancer patients (treatment concept and proposed criteria for success). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:521–528
  138. Shernoff AF, Colwell JA, Bingham SF. Implants for type II diabetic patients (interim report. VA implants in Diabetic Study Group). Implant Dent. 1994;3:183–185
  139. Balshi TJ, Wolfinger GJ. Dental implants in the diabetic patient (a retrospective study). Implant Dent. 1999;8:355–359
  140. Fiorellini JP, Chen PK, Nevins M, Nevins ML. A retrospective study of dental implants in diabetic patients. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2000;20:366–373
  141. Olson JW, Shernoff AF, Tarlow JL, Colwell JA, Scheetz JP, Bingham SF. Dental endosseous implant assessments in a type 2 diabetic population (a prospective study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000;15:811–818
  142. Morris HF, Ochi S, Winkler S. Implant survival in patients with type 2 diabetes (placement to 36 months). Ann Periodontol. 2000;5:157–165
  143. Karr RA, Kramer DC, Toth BB. Dental implants and chemotherapy complications. J Prosthet Dent. 1992;67:683–687
  144. Steiner M, Windchy A, Gould AR, Kushner GM, Weber R. Effects of chemotherapy in patients with dental implants. J Oral Implantol. 1995;21:142–147
  145. McDonald AR, Pogrel MA, Sharma A. Effects of chemotherapy on osseointegration of implants (a case report). J Oral Implantol. 1998;24:11–13
  146. Ihara K, Goto M, Miyahara A, Toyota J, Katsuki T. Multicenter experience with maxillary prostheses supported by Branemark implants (a clinical report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:531–538
  147. Kovacs AF. Clinical analysis of implant losses in oral tumor and defect patients. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:494–504
  148. Dao TT, Anderson JD, Zarb GA. Is osteoporosis a risk factor for osseointegration of dental implants?. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:137–144
  149. Starck WJ, Epker BN. Failure of osseointegrated dental implants after diphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis (a case report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:74–78
  150. Minsk L, Polson AM. Dental implant outcomes in postmenopausal women undergoing hormone replacement. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1998;19:859–862

    864; quiz 866

  151. Eder A, Watzek G. Treatment of a patient with severe osteoporosis and chronic polyarthritis with fixed implant-supported prosthesis (a case report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:587–590
  152. Jensen J, Sindet-Pedersen S. Osseointegrated implants for prosthetic reconstruction in a patient with scleroderma (report of a case). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;48:739–741
  153. Langer Y, Cardash HS, Tal H. Use of dental implants in the treatment of patients with scleroderma (a clinical report). J Prosthet Dent. 1992;68:873–875
  154. Raviv E, Harel-Raviv M, Shatz P, Gornitsky M. Implant-supported overdenture rehabilitation and progressive systemic sclerosis. Int J Prosthodont. 1996;9:440–444
  155. Patel K, Welfare R, Coonar HS. The provision of dental implants and a fixed prosthesis in the treatment of a patient with scleroderma (a clinical report). J Prosthet Dent. 1998;79:611–612
  156. Payne AG, Lownie JF, Van Der Linden WJ. Implant-supported prostheses in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome (a clinical report on three patients). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:679–685
  157. Isidor F, Brondum K, Hansen HJ, Jensen J, Sindet-Pedersen S. Outcome of treatment with implant-retained dental prostheses in patients with Sjogren syndrome. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:736–743
  158. Heckmann SM, Heckmann JG, Weber HP. Clinical outcomes of three Parkinson’s disease patients treated with mandibular implant overdentures. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:566–571
  159. Sager RD, Theis RM. Dental implants placed in a patient with multiple myeloma (report of case). J Am Dent Assoc. 1990;121:699–701
  160. Rajnay ZW, Hochstetter RL. Immediate placement of an endosseous root-form implant in an HIV-positive patient (report of a case). J Periodontol. 1998;69:1167–1171
  161. Adell K, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Branemark PI, Lindhe J, Eriksson B, et al.  Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. (I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;15:9–52
  162. Quirynen M, Naert I, van Steenberghe D, Nys L. A study of 589 consecutive implants supporting complete fixed prostheses. Part I (Periodontal aspects). J Prosthet Dent. 1992;68:655–663
  163. Quirynen M, Naert I, van Steenberghe D. Fixture design and overload influence marginal bone loss and fixture success in the Branemark system. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1992;3:104–111
  164. Tal H. Spontaneous early exposure of submerged implants (I. Classification and clinical observations). J Periodontol. 1999;70:213–219
  165. Quirynen M, Naert I, van Steenberghe H, Dekeyser C, Callens A. Periodontal aspects of osseointegrated fixtures supporting a partial bridge. An up to 6 years retrospective study. J Clin Periodontol. 1992;19:118–126
  166. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Branemark PI, Lindhe J, Eriksson B, et al. Marginal tissue reaction at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. (I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;15:39–52
  167. Lekholm U, Adell R, Lindhe J, Branemark PI, Eriksson B, Rockler B, et al.  Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. (II). A cross-sectional retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;15:53–61
  168. Apse P, Zarb GA, Schmitt A, Lewis DW. The longitudinal effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants. The Toronto study (peri-implant mucosal response). Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1991;11:94–111
  169. Mombelli A, van Oosten MA, Schurch E, Land NP. The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1987;2:145–151
  170. Quirynen M, Naert I, van Steenberghe D, Teerlinck J, Dekeyser C, Theuniers G. Periodontal aspects of osseointegrated fixtures supporting an overdenture. A 4-year retrospective study. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18:719–728
  171. Zarb GA, Schmitt A. Osseointegration for elderly patients (the Toronto study). J Prosthet Dent. 1994;72:559–568
  172. Wismeijer D, van Waas MA, Mulder J, Vermeeren JI, Kalk W. Clinical and radiological results of patients treated with three treatment modalities for overdentures on implants of the ITI Dental Implant System. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1999;10:297–306
  173. Weber HP, Crohin CC, Fiorellini JP. A 5-year prospective clinical and radiographic study of non-submerged dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:144–153
  174. Kirsch A, Mentag PJ. The IMZ endosseous two phase implant system (a complete oral rehabilitation treatment concept). J Oral Implantol. 1986;12:576–589
  175. Block MS, Kent JN. Long-term follow-up on hydroxyapatite-coated cylindrical dental implants (a comparison between developmental and recent periods). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994;52:937–943
  176. Teixeira ER, Sato Y, Akagawa Y, Kimoto T. Correlation between mucosal inflammation and marginal bone loss around hydroxyapatite-coated implants (a 3-year cross-sectional study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12:74–81
  177. Salonen MA, Oikarinen K, Virtanen K, Pernu H. Failures in the osseointegration of endosseous implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8:92–97
  178. Lindquist LW, Carlsson GE, Jemt T. A prospective 15-year follow-up study of mandibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants. Clinical results and marginal bone loss. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1996;7:329–336
  179. Tang Z, Sha Y, Lin Y, Zhang G, Wang X, Cao C. Peri-implant mucosal inflammation and bone loss (clinical and radiographic evaluation of 108 dental implants after 1-year loading). Clin J Dent Res. 2000;3:15–20
  180. Naert I, Quirynen M, Hooghe M, van Steenberghe D. A comparative prospective study of splinted and unsplinted Branemark implants in mandibular overdenture therapy (a preliminary report). J Prosthet Dent. 1994;71:486–492
  181. Parein AM, Eckert SE, Wollan PC, Keller EE. Implant reconstruction in the posterior mandible (a long-term retrospective study). J Prosthet Dent. 1997;78:34–42
  182. Gotfredsen K, Karlsson U. A prospective 5-year study of fixed partial prostheses supported by implants with machined and TiO2-blasted surface. J Prosthodont. 2001;10:2–7
  183. Johansson G, Palmqvist S. Complications, supplementary treatment, and maintenance in edentulous arches with implant-supported fixed prostheses. Int J Prosthodont. 1990;3:89–92
  184. Karlsson U, Gotfredsen K, Olsson C. A 2-year report on maxillary and mandibular fixed partial dentures supported by Astra Tech dental implants. A comparison of 2 implants with different surface textures. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998;9:235–242
  185. Kallus T, Bessing C. Loose gold screws frequently occur in full-arch fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants after 5 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994;9:169–178
  186. Henry PJ, Laney WR, Jemt T, Harris D, Krogh PH, Polizzi G, et al.  Osseointegrated implants for single-tooth replacement (a prospective 5-year multicenter study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996;11:450–455
  187. Andersson B, Odman P, Lindvall AM, Branemark PI. Cemented single crowns on osseointegrated implants after 5 years (results from a prospective study on CeraOne). Int J Prosthodont. 1998;11:212–218
  188. Scheller H, Urgell JP, Kultje C, Klineberg I, Goldberg PV, Stevenson-Moore P, et al.  A 5-year multicenter study on implant-supported single crown restorations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:212–218
  189. Priest G. Single-tooth implants and their role in preserving remaining teeth (a 10-year survival study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:181–188
  190. Schwartz-Arad D, Samet N, Samet N. Single tooth replacement of missing molars (a retrospective study of 78 implants). J Periodontol. 1999;70:449–454
  191. Bianco G, Di Raimondo R, Luongo G, Paoleschi C, Piccoli P, Piccoli C, et al.  Osseointegrated implant for single-tooth replacement (a retrospective multicenter study on routine use in private practice). Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2000;2:152–158
  192. Lazzara R, Siddiqui AA, Binon P, Feldman SA, Weiner R, Phillips R, et al.  Retrospective multicenter analysis of 3i endosseous dental implants placed over a five-year period. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1996;7:73–83
  193. Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants (the Toronto study. Part III: Problems and complications encountered). J Prosthet Dent. 1990;64:185–194
  194. Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The edentulous predicament. I (A prospective study of the effectiveness of implant-supported fixed prostheses). J Am Dent Assoc. 1996;127:59–65
  195. Behr M, Lang R, Leibrock A, Rosentritt M, Handel G. Complication rate with prosthodontic reconstructions on ITI and IMZ dental implants. Internationales Team fur Implantologie. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998;9:51–58
  196. Weber HP, Crohin CC, Fiorellini JP. A 5-year prospective clinical and radiographic study of non-submerged dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11:144–153
  197. Eckert SE, Meraw SJ, Cal E, Ow RK. Analysis of incidence and associated factors with fractured implants (a retrospective study). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000;15:662–667
  198. Chang M, Odman PA, Wennstrom JL, Andersson B. Esthetic outcome of implant-supported single-tooth replacements assessed by the patient and by prosthodontists. Int J Prosthodont. 1999;12:335–341
  199. Eckert SE, Desjardins RP, Keller EE, Tolman DE. Endosseous implants in an irradiated tissue bed. J Prosthet Dent. 1996;76:45–49
  200. Johnson RH, Persson GR. A 3-year prospective study of a single-tooth implant-prosthodontic complications. Int J Prosthodont. 2001;14:183–189
  201. Batenburg RH, Raghoebar GM, Van Oort RP, Heijdenrijk K, Boering G. Mandibular overdentures supported by two or four endosteal implants. A prospective, comparative study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998;27:435–439
  202. van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M, Naert I, Maffei G, Jacobs R. Marginal bone loss around implants retaining hinging mandibular overdentures, at 4-, 8- and 12-years follow-up. J Clin Periodontol. 2001;28:628–633
  203. Kiener P, Oetterli M, Mericske E, Mericske-Stern R. Effectiveness of maxillary overdentures supported by implants (maintenance and prosthetic complications). Int J Prosthodont. 2001;14:133–140
  204. August M, Chung K, Chang Y, Glowacki J. Influence of estrogen status on endosseous implant osseointegration. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;59:1285–1289
  205. Donatsky O, Hillerup S. Non-submerged osseointegrated dental implants with ball attachments supporting overdentures in patients with mandibular alveolar ridge atrophy. A short-term follow-up. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1996;7:170–174
  206. Davis DM, Rogers JO, Packer ME. The extent of maintenance required by implant-retained mandibular overdentures (a 3-year report). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996;11:767–774
  207. Block MS, Kent JN, Finger IM. Use of the integral implant for overdenture stabilization. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990;5:140–147
  208. Boerrigter EM, van Oort RP, Raghoebar GM, Stegenga B, Schoen PJ, Boering G. A controlled clinical trial of implant-retained mandibular overdentures (clinical aspects). J Oral Rehabil. 1997;24:182–190
  209. Geertman ME, Boerrigter EM, Van Waas MA, van Oort RP. Clinical aspects of a multicenter clinical trial of implant-retained mandibular overdentures in patients with severely resorbed mandibles. J Prosthet Dent. 1996;75:194–204
  210. Spiekermann H, Jansen VK, Richter EJ. A 10-year follow-up study of IMZ and TPS implants in the edentulous mandible using bar-retained overdentures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10:231–243
  211. Marker P, Siemssen SJ, Bastholt L. Osseointegrated implants for prosthetic rehabilitation after treatment of cancer of the oral cavity. Acta Oncologica. 1997;36:37–40
  212. Weibrich G, Buch RSR, Wegener J, Wagner W. Five-year prospective follow-up report of the Astra Tech standard dental implant in clinical treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:557–562
  213. Marx RE, Morales MJ. The use of implants in the reconstruction of oral cancer patients. Dent Clin North Am. 1998;42:177–202
  214. Friberg B, Ekestubbe A, Mellstrom D, Sennerby L. Branemark implants and osteoporosis (a clinical exploratory study). Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2001;3:50–56
  215. Granstrom G, Tjellstrom A, Brånemark PI, Fornander J. Bone-anchored reconstruction of the irradiated head and neck cancer patient. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;108:334–343
  216. Arcuri MR, Fridrich KL, Funk GF, Tabor MW, LaVelle WE. Titanium osseointegrated implants combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in previously irradiated mandibles. J Prosthet Dent. 1997;77:177–183
  217. Roumanas ED, Nishimura RD, Davis BK, Beumer J. Clinical evaluation of implants retaining edentulous maxillary obturator prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 1997;77:184–190
  218. Nishimura RD, Roumanas E, Beumer J, Moy PK, Shimizu KT. Restoration of irradiated patients using osseointegrated implants (current perspectives). J Prosthet Dent. 1998;79:641–647

PII: S0022-3913(03)00212-9

doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00212-9

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Volume 90, Issue 2 , Pages 121-132 , August 2003

Article Tools