Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Volume 90, Issue 4 , Pages 339-346 , October 2003

Variability of porcelain color reproduction by commercial laboratories

Presented at the Academy of Prosthodontics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, May, 1993.

  • R.Duane Douglas, DMD, MS

      Affiliations

    • Assistant Professor, School of Dental Medicince, Southern Illinois University, Alton, Ill, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to:Dr R. Duane Douglas, 2800 College Ave, Bldg 284, Alton IL, 62002, USA, Fax: (618) 474-7150
  • ,
  • Jane D Brewer, DMD, MS

      Affiliations

    • Clinical Associate Professor, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

References 

  1. Culpepper WDA. Comparative study of shade matching procedures. J Prosthet Dent. 1970;24:166–174
  2. McMaugh DR. A comparative analysis of the colour matching ability of dentists, dental students, and ceramic technicians. Aust Dent J. 1977;22:165–167
  3. Leon JM. Shade selection-the art and science of color matching. Quintessence Int. 1982;13:851–859
  4. Yamamoto M. Metal-ceramics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1985;
  5. Sproull RC. Color matching in dentistry. Part II. Practical applications of the organization of color. J Prosthet Dent. 1973;29:556–566
  6. O'Brien WJ, Boenke KM, Groh CL. Coverage errors of two shade guides. Int J Prosthodont. 1991;4:45–50
  7. Schwabacher WB, Goodkind RJ. Three dimensional coordinates of natural teeth compared with three shade guides. J Prosthet Dent. 1990;64:425–431
  8. Ferreira D, Monard LA. Measurement of spectral reflectance and colorimetric properties of Vita shade guides. J Dent Assoc S Afr. 1991;46:63–65
  9. Sorensen JA, Torres TJ. Improved color matching of metal-ceramic restorations. Part I (A systematic method for shade determination). J Prosthet Dent. 1987;58:133–139
  10. Preston JD. Current status of shade selection and color matching. Quintessence Int. 1985;1:47–58
  11. Miller L. Organizing color in dentistry J Am Dent Assoc 1987; Spec No:26E-40E
  12. Seghi RR, Johnston WM, O'Brien WJ. Spectrophotometric analysis of color differences between porcelain systems. J Prosthet Dent. 1986;56:35–40
  13. Ecker GA, Moser JB. Visual and instrumental discrimination steps between two adjacent porcelain shades, J Prosthet Dent. 1987;58:286–291
  14. Rosenstiel SF, Johnston WM. The effects of manipulative variables on the color of ceramic metal restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 1988;60:297–303
  15. Schaffner VB, Jones DW. The influence of porcelain powder blending on color (a clinical and laboratory study using a custom shade analysis system). J Prosthet Dent. 1988;60:425–432
  16. O'Brien WJ, Boenke KM, Groh CL. Coverage errors of two shade guides. Int J Prosthodont. 1991;4:45–50
  17. White JM, O'Brien WJ. The colors of mixtures of dental opaque porcelains. J Dent Res. 1989;68:1319–1322
  18. O'Brien WJ, Kay KS, Boenke KM, Groh CL. Sources of color variation on firing porcelain. Dent Mater. 1991;7:170–173
  19. Brewer JD, Akers CK, Garlapo DA, Sorenson SE. Spectrometric analysis of the influence of metal substrates on the color of metal- ceramic restorations. J Dent Res. 1985;64:74–77
  20. Brewer JD, Glennon JS, Garlapo DA. Spectrophotometric analysis of a nongreening, metal-fusing porcelain. J Prosthet Dent. 1991;65:634–641
  21. Crispin BJ, Seghi RR, Globe H. Effect of different metal ceramic alloys on the color of opaque and dentin porcelain. J Prosthet Dent. 1991;65:351–356
  22. Jacobs SH, Goodacre CJ, Moore BK, Dykema RW. Effect of porcelain thickness and type of metal-ceramic alloy on color. J Prosthet Dent. 1987;57:138–145
  23. Terada Y, Maeyama S, Hirayasu R. The influence of different thicknesses of dentin porcelain on the color reflected from thin opaque porcelain fused to metal. Int J Prosthodont. 1989;2:352–356
  24. Jorgenson MW, Goodkind RJ. Spectrophotometric study of five porcelain shades relative to dimensions of color, porcelain thickness, and repeated firings. J Prosthet Dent. 1979;42:96–105
  25. Douglas RD, Przybylska M. Predicting porcelain thickness required for dental shade matches. J Prosthet Dent. 1999;82:143–149
  26. Chiche GJ, Pinault A. Esthetics of anterior fixed prosthodontics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1994;
  27. Bangston LK, Goodkind RJ. The conversion of Chromascan designations to CIE tristimulus values. J Prosthet Dent. 1982;48:610–617
  28. Goodkind RJ, Keenan KM, Schwabacker WB. A comparison of Chromascan and spectrophotometric measurements of 100 natural teeth. J Prosthet Dent. 1985;53:105–109
  29. Seghi RR, Johnston WM, O'Brien WJ. Performance assessment of colorimetric devices on dental porcelains. J Dent Res. 1989;68:1755–1759
  30. van der Burgt TP, ten Bosch JJ, Borsboom PC, Kortsmit WJ. A comparison of new and conventional methods for quantification of tooth color. J Prosthet Dent. 1990;63:155–162
  31. Bolt RA, ten Bosch JJ, Coops JC. Influence of window size in small-window color measurement, particularly of teeth. Phys Med Biol. 1994;39:1133–1142
  32. Johnston WM, Hesse NS, Davis BK, Seghi RR. Analysis of edge-losses in reflectance measurements of pigmented maxillofacial elastomer. J Dent Res. 1996;75:752–760
  33. CIE 1971: International Commission on Illumination. Colorimetry: Official Recommendations of the International Commission on Illumination, Publication CIE No. 15 (E-1.3.1), Bureau Central de la CIE, Paris
  34. Douglas RD, Brewer JD. Acceptability of shade differences in metal ceramic crowns. J. Prosthet Dent. 1998;79:254–260
  35. Ruyter IE, Nilner K, Moller B. Color stability of dental composite resin materials for crowns and bridge veneers. Dent Mater. 1987;3:246–251
  36. Ragain JC, Johnston WM. Color acceptance of direct dental restorative materials by human observers. Color Res Appl. 2000;25:278–285
  37. Kuehni RG, Marcus RT. An experiment in visual scaling of small color differences. Color Res Appl 1979;4:83-91
  38. Seghi RR, Hewlett ER, Kim J. Visual and instrumental assessments of small color differences on translucent dental porcelain. J Dent Res. 1989;68:1760–1764
  39. Johnston WM, Kao EC. Assessment of appearance match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry. J Dent Res. 1989;65:819–822
  40. Groh CL, O'Brien WJ, Boenke KM. Differences in color between fired porcelain and shade guides. Int J Prosthodont. 1992;5:510–514
  41. Wozniak WT. Proposed guidelines for the acceptance program for dental shade guides. Chicago: American Dental Association; 1987;

PII: S0022-3913(03)00513-4

doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00513-4

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Volume 90, Issue 4 , Pages 339-346 , October 2003