Statement of problem
The color instability and degradation of maxillofacial elastomers limit the function
and cosmetic quality of facial prostheses.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to measure the interactions of oil pigments plus dry
earth opacifiers at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume in stabilizing the color of MDX4-4210/type
A silicone elastomers before and after artificial aging.
Material and methods
In the first part of the study, each of 5 opacifiers (Georgia kaolin powder neutral,
kaolin powder calcined, Artskin white, dry pigment titanium (Ti) white, or Ti white
artists' oil color) at 10% concentrations were combined with each of 5 oil pigment
types (no pigment, cadmium-barium red deep, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, or a mixture
of the 3 pigments), for a total of 25 experimental groups of elastomers. In the second
part of the study, 50 experimental groups of elastomers were made by combining 1 of
5 opacifiers at 5% and 15% concentrations with 1 of 5 oil pigments as in Part 1. Five
specimens of each elastomer were tested, for a total of 375 specimens. In each part
of the study, all specimens were aged in an artificial aging chamber. CIE L∗a∗b∗ values were measured by a spectrophotometer. The color differences (ΔE∗) were subjected to repeated-measures analysis of variance. Mean values were compared
by Tukey-Kramer intervals (α=.05).
Results
In Part 1, when the opacifiers were tested at 10% concentration, Ti white oil color
had the most color change, and dry pigment Ti white had the least; all other opacifiers
were not significantly different from each other. In Part 2, at 5%, Ti white oil color
had the most color change; all other opacifiers were not significantly different from
the others. At 15%, Ti white oil color again had the most color change, followed by
Artskin white, kaolin powder calcined, and Georgia kaolin; Ti white dry earth pigment
had the least color change. Overall, 5% Artskin white had less color change than the
15%, whereas 15% dry pigment Ti white had less color change than the 5% (P<.001). The 5% and 15% of other opacifiers were not significantly different.
Conclusions
At all 3 concentrations, oil pigments mixed with opacifiers helped protect the MDX4-4210/type
A silicone elastomer from color degradation over time. Dry pigment Ti white remained
the most color stable over time, followed by the pigments mixed with kaolin powder
calcined, Georgia kaolin, Artskin white, and Ti white artists' oil color.
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Article info
Publication history
University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston; Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
Footnotes
Winner, Poster Presentation Research Competition, Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Philadelphia, Pa, October 1999; Clinical Fellows Research Award, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex, December 1999.
Presented at the 79th General Session of the International Association for Dental Research Meeting, Chiba, Japan, June 2001.
Identification
Copyright
© 2006 The Editorial Council of The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
