Statement of problem
Despite the expanded applications for zirconia in restorative dentistry, there is
no clear recommendation in the literature regarding surface treatment before bonding.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical surface treatment
of yttria-partially stabilized zirconia on its flexural strength and the effect of
mechanical and chemical surface treatments on its bond strength to a resin cement.
Material and methods
For flexural strength evaluation, zirconia bars (4 × 5 × 40 mm) were prepared from
zirconia blocks, finished using a diamond rotary cutting instrument, sintered, then
assigned into 4 groups: (1) control (no treatment), (2) airborne-particle abrasion,
(3) silicoating, and (4) wet hand grinding. After storage for 24 hours at 37°C, flexural
strength was determined using a 3-point bending test, and the results were analyzed
using 1-way ANOVA (α=.05). For shear bond strength evaluation, zirconia rods (2.5
× 3 mm) were prepared from zirconia blocks, sintered, and assigned into 16 groups.
Each group underwent a combination of the following mechanical and chemical treatments.
Mechanical treatment included: (1) control (no treatment), (2) airborne-particle abrasion,
(3) silicoating, or (4) wet hand grinding. Chemical treatment included: (1) control
(no treatment), (2) acid etching followed by silanation, (3) silanation only, or (4)
application of zirconia primer. Dentin specimens were prepared from extracted molars
stored in 0.5% chloramine-T. Zirconia rods were bonded to dentin using a resin cement
(Multilink Automix), then light polymerized. After storage, the specimens were loaded
to failure with the notched shear bond test method in a universal loading apparatus.
For artificial aging analysis, the groups that achieved the highest bond strength
values were duplicated, stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 90 days, and thermal
cycled before being loaded to failure. Results were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA (α=.05).
Results
Airborne-particle abrasion and hand grinding significantly increased flexural strength.
The highest shear bond strength values were achieved for the following groups: silicoated
+ silanated > hand ground + zirconia primer > airborne-particle abraded + silanated
> zirconia primer > airborne-particle abraded + zirconia primer. Artificial aging
resulted in significantly lower shear bond strength for the silicoated/silanated and
the zirconia primer groups.
Conclusions
Mechanical modification of the surface increased the flexural strength of Y-TZP. The
resin bond to Y-TZP was improved by surface treatment. A combination of mechanical
and chemical conditioning of the zirconia surface was essential to develop a durable
resin bond to zirconia. (J Prosthet Dent 2010;103:210-220)
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Article info
Footnotes
Supported by the American Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics Tylman Research Grant Program (2006), and second-place recipient of the Tylman research award (2009).
Presented as a poster presentation at the American Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics annual meeting, Chicago, Ill, Feb 2008, and Feb 2009.
Identification
Copyright
© 2010 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
