Abstract
Statement of problem
The effect of toothbrushing on extrinsically stained pressable ceramic materials is
unknown.
Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of toothbrushing
on the shade and surface roughness of extrinsically stained, pressable ceramics.
Material and methods
Two materials, leucite-based (IPS Empress Esthetic [EE]; Ivoclar Vivadent AG) and
lithium disilicate-based ceramic (IPS e.max Press [EP]; Ivoclar Vivadent AG), were
studied. For each material, 24 disk-shaped specimens, 10 mm (diameter)×3 mm (height)
were fabricated. Three different methods (n=8) of applying extrinsic stains were performed
on each material: glazed only (G, control group); stained then glazed (SG); and stained
and glazed together (T). The specimens were brushed with a multistation brushing machine
under a load of 1.96 N at a rate of 90 strokes per minute with a soft and straight
toothbrush (Oral-B #35) and a 1:1 toothpaste and distilled water slurry. Shade and
roughness were measured at baseline and at 72, 144, 216, and 288 hours, which is equivalent
to 3, 6, 9, and 12 years of simulated toothbrushing for 2 minutes twice a day. A repeated
measures ANOVA with staining technique as a fixed factor was used to evaluate shade
and roughness (α=.05).
Results
For EE groups, no significant change was found after 12 years of simulated toothbrushing
regarding shade and surface roughness, irrespective of staining techniques (P>.05). However, EP groups demonstrated a significant shade change and an increase
in surface roughness after 12 years of simulated toothbrushing. Shade change was found
to depend on the method of applying stain. For the EP-SG technique, a significant
shade change was observed only at the 9- to 12-year interval (P=.047). However, the EP-T technique demonstrated a significant difference in shade
between baseline and 3 years (P=.005) and in the 6- to 9-year interval (P=.005). Surface roughness was only significantly affected at baseline and 3 years
for the EP-T group (P=.005).
Conclusions
For the shade and surface roughness of the EE groups, no statistically significant
difference was found after 12 years of toothbrushing, irrespective of the staining
technique. The shade and surface roughness of the EP groups were significantly statistically
affected by toothbrushing time; only shade changes were found to depend on technique.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 14, 2015
Footnotes
Supported by an American Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics Stanley D. Tylman Research Grant and the Marquette University School of Dentistry Student Research Fund.
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
