Abstract
Statement of problem
Silicone elastomer is the most used material for fabricating maxillofacial prostheses,
but the material has low tensile and tear strength and insufficient elasticity. Whether
the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles will improve these properties is unclear.
Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of adding different
concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the clinically critical mechanical
properties of a maxillofacial silicone.
Material and methods
Nano-ZnO was added in concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% by weight to Cosmesil M511
High Temperature Vulcanization (HTV) silicone elastomer. Silicone without nano-ZnO
or ethanol served as a conventional group, while silicone without nano-ZnO and with
ethanol served as the control group. Tensile strength and elongation tests were done
according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 37. A tear strength
test was done according to ISO 34-1. A Shore A hardness test was done according to
ISO 7619. In total 144 specimens were fabricated, with 48 specimens for each test.
Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) tests
were used to assess the efficiency of the dispersion method, monitoring the particle
size of nano-ZnO. Statistical analysis used 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test
(α=.05).
Results
FESEM showed a homogenous dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles within the silicone matrix.
XRD and FESEM showed a reduction in cluster size of nano-ZnO after sonication. The
FTIR-ATR test revealed no significant difference between the conventional and the
control group (P>.05). The 3%ZnO demonstrated significantly higher tensile strength, elongation percentage,
and tear strength than the control group (P<.05). Shore A hardness showed a significant decrease between the conventional and
control group. Hardness increased directly and proportionally to an increase in the
concentration of nanofiller.
Conclusions
Sonication of nano-ZnO in ethanol represented an effective and straightforward way
to disperse nano-ZnO in a silicone elastomer matrix. This improved the quality of
the nanocomposite without affecting the base material and without the need for a coupling
agent or addition of a third material. The overall mechanical properties of the M511
maxillofacial silicone elastomer improved most with a 3%ZnO concentration.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 22, 2021
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© 2020 by the Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
