Abstract
Statement of problem
Computer-aided design (CAD) software can merge the intraoral digital scan with patient
photographs or 3-dimensional (3D) facial reconstructions for treatment planning purposes.
However, whether an individual perceives a 3D facial reconstruction as a better self-representation
compared with a 2-dimensional (2D) photograph is unclear.
Purpose
The purpose of this observational study was to compare self-perception ratings and
self-representation preference of the 2D and 3D facial reconstructions among laypersons,
dental students, and dentists.
Material and methods
Three populations participated in the study: laypersons, dental students, and dentists
(n=20, N=60). Facial and intraoral features were digitized by using facial and intraoral
scanners, and a complete-face smile photograph was obtained. Two simulations were
performed for each participant: 2D (2D group) and 3D (3D group) reconstructions. In
the 2D group, a maxillary digital veneer waxing from the left to the right second
premolars was produced without altering the shape, position, or length of the involved
teeth. A software program (Dental Systems; 3Shape A/S) was used to merge the maxillary
digital waxing with the full-face smile photograph. One image was obtained for each
participant. In the 3D group, a dental software program (Matera 2.4; exocad GmbH)
was used to merge the intraoral and facial scans. Subsequently, 1 video of a 180-degree
rotation of each 3D superimposition was obtained. Participants evaluated both superimpositions
on a scale from 1 (least esthetically pleasing) to 6 (most esthetically pleasing).
Finally, participants were asked which superimposition they preferred for a potential
treatment outcome representation.
Results
All the ratings were esthetically pleasing (median group rating 5 or 6). When analyzed
solely for differences across occupation groups, ratings for the 2D representation
varied significantly across populations (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared=13.241, df=2,
P=.001), but the ratings for the 3D representation did not exhibit statistically significant
differences (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared=4.3756, df=2, P=.112). Ordinal logistic regression revealed no significant main effects but a significant
effect of the population×image-type interaction on the esthetic rating. All participants
felt well-represented in both the 2D and 3D representations. Also, 40% of dentists,
55% of dental students, and 50% of laypersons preferred the 3D reconstructions. Sex
and occupation in general had no effect on the ratings. However, students tended to
give higher ratings to the 3D representations of themselves.
Conclusions
There is no evidence based on the current study that 2D and 3D representations were
perceived differently, but representation preferences may depend on a person’s occupation.
When individuals rated 3D visualization higher than 2D visualization, they strongly
preferred the 3D visualization for representing the treatment outcome.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 02, 2021
Identification
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© 2020 by the Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
