Abstract
Statement of problem
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology that has been recently introduced into
dentistry for fabricating dental devices, including interim restorations. Printing
orientation is one of the important and influential factors in AM that affects the
accuracy, surface roughness, and mechanical characteristics of printed objects. However,
the optimal print orientation for best bond strength to 3D-printed interim restorations
remains unclear.
Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of printing orientation
on the surface roughness, topography, and shear bond strength of AM interim restorations
to composite resin.
Material and methods
Disk-shaped specimens (Ø20×10 mm) were designed by a computer-aided design software
program (Geomagic freeform), and a standard tessellation language (STL) file was obtained.
The STL file was used for the AM of 60 disks in 3 different printing orientations
(0, 45, and 90 degrees) by using E-Dent 400 C&B material. An autopolymerizing interim
material (Protemp 4) was used as a control group (CNT), and specimens were fabricated
by using the injecting mold technique (n=20). Surface roughness (Sa, Sz parameters)
was measured by using a 3D-laser scanning confocal microscope (CLSM) at ×20 magnification.
For shear bond testing, the specimens were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate autopolymerized
resin (n=20). A flowable composite resin was bonded by using an adhesive system. The
specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 1 day and thermocycled 5000
times. The shear bond strength (SBS) was measured at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.
The data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey HSD test (α=.05).
Results
The 45-degree angulation printing group reported the highest Sa, followed by the CNT
and the 90-degree and 0-degree angulations with significant difference between them
(P<.001). The CNT showed the highest Sz, followed by the 45-degree, 90-degree, and 0-degree
angulations. The mean ±standard deviation SBS was 28.73 ±5.82 MPa for the 90-degree,
28.21 ±10.69 MPa for the 45-degree, 26.21 ±11.19 MPa for the 0-degree angulations
and 25.39 ±4.67 MPa for the CNT. However, no statistically significant difference
was found in the SBS among the groups (P=.475).
Conclusions
Printing orientation significantly impacted the surface roughness of 3D-printed resin
for interim restorations. However, printing orientation did not significantly affect
the bond strength with composite resin.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 30, 2021
Footnotes
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 by the Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
