Abstract
Statement of problem
Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) has been recently introduced as a dental material for
fixed dental prostheses. However, how surface treatments affect the bonding of PEKK
to dentin is unclear.
Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of airborne-particle
abrasion and acid etching on the bonding of PEKK to dentin.
Material and methods
Eighty-four PEKK specimens were fabricated, polished, and divided into 6 groups (n=14):
no treatment (group NT), airborne-particle abrasion with 110-μm alumina particles
(group Al), 98% sulfuric acid etching for 5 seconds (group SA5), 98% sulfuric acid
etching for 30 seconds (group SA30), 98% sulfuric acid etching for 60 seconds (group
SA60), and airborne-particle abrasion plus 98% sulfuric acid for 5 seconds (group
AlSA5). Sixty PEKK specimens (n=10) were fabricated for the shear bond test. Another
24 PEKK specimens (n=4) were fabricated for surface element analysis and morphological
observations. For each group, 2 specimens after surface treatments were randomly selected
to examine scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations and surface element analysis.
Another 2 specimens after bonding were randomly selected to examine cross-sectional
observations. Airborne-particle abrasion with 110-μm alumina particles was performed
to cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) specimens (group Co-Cr, n=10). A light-polymerizing polymethylmethacrylate
and composite resin primer (visio.link) was applied to the treated PEKK specimens
and bonded with a resin cement (RelyX Ultimate) to dentin. The Co-Cr specimens were
bonded with the resin cement to dentin. The shear bond strengths of all groups were
tested by using a universal testing machine, and fracture analysis was performed.
A statistical analysis was performed by using 1-way ANOVA, followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls-q
post hoc test (α=.05).
Results
The shear bond strengths of groups SA5 and AlSA5 were higher than those of groups
NT, Al, SA30, SA60, and Co-Cr (P＜.05). Group SA5 achieved the highest shear bond strength (16.84 ±1.84 MPa). The SEM
observations showed that after surface treatments, groups SA5 and AlSA5 had a uniform
sponge shape with small pores, while groups SA30 and SA60 had a collapsed shape with
large pits and pores. The sulfur element content and H2SO4-etched thicknesses of groups SA30 and SA60 were higher than those of groups SA5 and
AlSA5. The cross-sectional SEM observations of groups SA30 and SA60 after bonding
revealed that H2SO4-etched pores were deeper and not filled with the bonding material.
Conclusions
Compared with airborne-particle abrasion, the 98% sulfuric acid etching significantly
improved the shear bond strength of PEKK to dentin. The surface treatment of 98% sulfuric
acid etching for 5 seconds led to the high bond strength of PEKK to dentin, which
meets the requirements for clinical use.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 17, 2021
Footnotes
Chenwei Wang and Fangfang Sun contributed equally to the report and should be regarded as joint first authors.Supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (51835010) and the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Project (BE2019622).
Presented at the 67th Annual Conference of American Academy of Maxillofacial Prosthetics and won the Second Place Award in the student research poster competition. This competition was sponsored by the Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 by the Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
