Abstract
Statement of problem
Although 3-dimensional (3D)–printed resin prostheses are widely used, studies on the
effects of the manufacturing parameters of 3D printing on the color stability and
stainability of these prostheses are lacking.
Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of layer thickness
and printing orientation on the color stability and stainability of a 3D-printed resin.
In addition, the influence of roughness and water contact angle was evaluated.
Material and methods
Color changes (ΔE00) in tooth-colored resin specimens produced by 3D printing with 2 different layer
thicknesses and 3 different printing orientations and immersed in 3 types of aging
media (distilled water, coffee solution, and wine) were evaluated (n=10). The CIELab
color values were measured with a spectrophotometer at baseline and different time
points (1, 3, 7, 15, and 30 days). The surface roughness (Ra) of resin specimens was
measured at various time points (baseline, 7, 15, and 30 days) by confocal laser scanning
microscopy after immersion in coffee solution (n=15). The water contact angle was
determined by using the sessile drop method (n=10). The ΔE00 values were analyzed by using the 3-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni
test and Dunnett T3 test (α=.05). Ra values were analyzed by 3-way repeated measures
ANOVA (α=.05). The water contact angle data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA (α=.05).
Results
The 3-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that layer thickness, printing orientation,
and storage time significantly influenced the ΔE00 values of the 3D-printed resin specimens in each aging medium (P<.001). The ΔE00 values in the 0-degree subgroups were significantly lower than those in the 45- and
90-degree subgroups (P<.05). The ΔE00 values in the 25-μm thick groups were significantly higher than those in the 100-μm
thick groups (P<.05). The ΔE00 values demonstrated an increase up to 15 days in all aging media. In distilled water,
the ΔE00 values of the specimens increased or decreased depending on the groups, whereas in
the coffee solution, the values decreased after 15 days (P<.001); in red wine, the values demonstrated a continuous increase up to 30 days in
all groups (P<.001). The 3-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that the Ra values did not change
significantly with immersion time (P=.444). The 2-way ANOVA showed that the water contact angle was not significantly
affected by layer thickness (P=.921) or printing orientation (P=.062).
Conclusions
Layer thickness and printing orientation affected the color stability and stainability
of the 3D-printed resin. The discoloration of the 3D-printed resin differed with time,
depending on the type of aging media used.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 24, 2022
Footnotes
Supported by the Seoul National University Dental Hospital (SNUDH) Research Fund (01-2019-0013).
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 by the Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
