Abstract
Statement of problem
Three-dimensional (3D) printers should be capable of fabricating products with high
accuracy for potential use in a wide range of dental applications. The trueness and
surface characteristics of 3D-printed casts made with different technologies remain
unclear.
Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the trueness and surface characteristics
of 4 types of dental casts printed using 6 different 3D printers.
Material and methods
Four dental casts prepared for intracoronal and extracoronal restorations were printed
using 6 different 3D printers—2 printers of each printing technology (FDM: Creator,
Lugo; DLP: D2, ND5100; SLA: Form 2, Form 3). The printed casts were scanned to obtain
standard tessellation language (STL) data sets that were superimposed onto the reference
to evaluate their trueness (n=15). Trueness was measured based on overall deviations
for each cast and for sectional deviations within the cavities. For qualitative evaluation,
the surface characteristics of the 3D-printed casts were analyzed by using a digital
camera, stereomicroscope, and scanning electron microscope. Statistical analyses were
conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by multiple Mann-Whitney U tests
for pairwise comparisons among groups (α=.05).
Results
The overall median trueness values were lowest with the Form 3 (27.9 μm), followed
by the ND5100 (30.0 μm), Lugo (37.1 μm), D2 (41.4 μm), Form 2 (46.9 μm), and Creator
(83.3 μm) (P<.05). Sectional deviations within the cavity were generally greater than overall
deviation. Macroscopic and microscopic images showed that the reproduced casts had
the smoothest surface with the SLA, followed by the DLP and FDM printers. Horizontal
layers were more discernible with the FDM printer.
Conclusions
The trueness of the 3D-printed casts was influenced by the type of tooth preparation
and was printer dependent. Among the tested 3D printers, the Form 3 produced the most
accurate casts, while the Creator produced the least accurate casts.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 10, 2023
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofFootnotes
Funding: Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2022R1F1A1063198) and the Technology Innovation Program (20001155) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea).
Identification
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© 2022 by the Editorial Council for The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
