Five simple tools—the lever, wedge, wheel and axle, pulley and screw—have existed
for millennia. Each of these tools and their underlying principles have been refined,
improved and combined in various ways to produce other tools and engineering principles
(no longer simple), which in turn have revolutionized the application of modern dental
techniques. This process has been particularly important in the disciplines of surgery
and prosthodontics. Archimedes, in the third century BC, understood the operation
of the mechanical screw, which represents a basic tenet of endosseous stabilization,
albeit limited in its time and biologically-dependent efficacy and effectiveness.
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References
- Osseointegrated implant in the treatment of the edentulous jaw—Experience from a ten-year period.(Monograph) : Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm1977
- Dental implants: benefit and risk. An HIH-Harvard Consensus Development Conference.(US Department of Health and Human Services)December 1980
- The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: A review and proposed criteria of success.Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1986; 1: 11-25
- Criteria for success of osseointegrated endosseous implants.J Prosthet Dent. 1989; 62: 567-572
- Current interpretations of the osseointegrated response: clinical significance.Int J Prosthodont. 1993; 6: 95-105
Article info
Footnotes
☆a Professor and Chair, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
☆☆bProfessor, Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Copyright
© 1998 Published by Elsevier Inc.
